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New approaches are shedding light on the magnitude of sex differences in personality, and the results are so strong and pervasive that they can no longer be ignored By  Scott Barry Kaufman  on  December 12, 2019 Few topics in psychology are more controversial than sex differences [1]. Debates can be classified into  two main types : (a) The  description of sex differences , including both the size and variability of sex differences across a multitude of physical and psychological traits, and (b) The  origins and development of sex differences , including the complex interplay between social, cultural, genetic, and biological factors that influence sex differences. These lines often get blurred. Researchers who emphasize sociocultural factors in their research tend to conceptualize sex differences as small and worry that if we exaggerate the differences, then all hell will break loose in society. On the other side, those who emphasize biological influences tend to emp

Genes, Gender Inequality, and Educational Attainment Show all authors Pamela Herd ,  Jeremy Freese ,  Kamil Sicinski ,  ... First Published November 22, 2019  Research Article https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419886550 Article information    Abstract Women’s opportunities have been profoundly altered over the past century by reductions in the social and structural constraints that limit women’s educational attainment. Do social constraints manifest as a suppressing influence on genetic indicators of potential, and if so, did equalizing opportunity mean equalizing the role of genetics? We address this with three cohort studies: the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; birth years 1939 to 1940), the Health and Retirement Study, and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; birth years 1975 to 1982). These studies include a “polygenic score” for educational attainment, providing a

Author links open overlay panel Y.E. Willems a b c N. Boesen a J. Li d e C. Finkenauer a c M. Bartels a b f https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.012 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341830790 t open access Highlights • The present  meta-analysis  synthesized 31 twin studies. • Genes significantly contribute to differences in self-control: the overall  heritability  is 60%. • The heritability is the same for boys and girls, and across age. • The heritability is different across informants. • Considering genetic influences is key when investigating self-control. ABSTRACT Self-control is the ability to control one’s impulses when faced with challenges or temptations, and is robustly associated with physiological and psychological well-being. Twin studies show that self-control is heritable, but estimates range between 0% and 90%, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The aim of this study wa

https://ifstudies.org/blog/the-black-white-divide-in-suspensions-what-is-the-role-of-family    Strong Families. Sustainable Societies. The Institute for Family Studies (IFS)  is dedicated to strengthening marriage and family life, and advancing the well-being of children through research and public education. Addressing family life is what we do, and we invite you to learn more about ways to strengthen families in America and around the world. Black students are more likely to get in trouble in school and to end up suspended, compared to white students. This racial disparity in school discipline is both a cause and consequence of enduring racial inequality in America. And it is important because it means that black students, especially black boys, are more likely to end up on the wrong track: getting less schooling, heading towards trouble with the criminal justice system, and, later in life, having fewer opportunities in the labor force. 1  What has been called the “ school-t

THE GLENN SHOW Glenn Loury ( Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs ,  Brown University ) and John McWhorter ( Columbia University ,  Lexicon Valley ,  The Atlantic ) Buzzwords vs. the power of reason    0:43 College students stay silent instead of saying the wrong thing    13:25 Why cultural appropriation is such a flashpoint    17:42 John: “It’s hard to be an individual”    27:03 Cosmopolitanism and fearing the cops    34:14 The sense of belonging that comes from being oppressed    42:31 PLAY ENTIRE VIDEO

Evolution and Human Behavior Available online 18 November 2019 In Press, Journal Pre-proof What are Journal Pre-proof articles? Female macaques compete for ‘power’ and ‘commitment’ in their male partners Author links open overlay panel Christine B. Haunhorst a b Ines Fürtbauer c Oliver Schülke a b d Julia Ostner a b d https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.11.001 t Abstract The formation of male-female social bonds and the resulting competition among females for male partners is a core element of human societies. While female competition for a male partner  outside  the mating context is well studied in humans, evidence from non-human primates is scarce, and its evolutionary roots remain to be explored. We studied two multi male – multi female groups of wild Assamese macaques ( Macaca assamensis ), a species where females gain benefits from selectively affiliating with particular males. Using a behavioral data set collected over several years,

Not seeking donations for this site. Info only. By  Katherine Harmon   Jul 15, 2010 02:40 PM   1 Recycled printer paper and fair-trade coffee might have  higher  prices   at the register, but these feel-good products often fail to bring in big bucks for companies.  But a new, counterintuitive approach could be quite profitable for corporations—and for good causes: Let consumers pay whatever price they want and give away half of the profits to  charity .  The concept has been dubbed "shared social responsibility" by a group of California-based researchers, led by Ayelet Gneezy, of the Rady School of Management at the University of California, San Diego. The team asserts that this approach can outperform traditional modes of  corporate social   responsibility  (such as corporate giving or ecofriendly products). The results are detailed in a new study, published online July 15. 2012 in  Science . To test the idea, the researchers set up shop at a large amusement pa

Our political attitudes may be written in our DNA Scientists and laypeople alike have historically attributed political beliefs to upbringing and surroundings, yet recent research shows that our political inclinations have a large genetic component. The largest recent study of political beliefs, published in 2014 in  Behavior Genetics , looked at a sample of more than 12,000 twin pairs from five countries, including the U.S. Some were identical and some fraternal; all were raised together. The study reveals that the development of political attitudes depends, on average, about 60 percent on the environment in which we grow up and live and 40 percent on our genes. “We inherit some part of how we process information, how we see the world and how we perceive threats—and these are expressed in a modern society as political attitudes,” explains Peter Hatemi, who is a genetic epidemiologist at the University of Sydney and lead author of the study. The genes involved in such complex